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澳德长难句分析栏目启动

It is taking off now!

在这个栏目里，澳德老师将为大家分析，四级、六级、公共英语三级、研究生、IELTS考试中的长难句。希望大家踊跃参与，把自己遇到的长难句发表在这里。

1. Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human

brain by the year 2010,researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if

not centuries.

这句话的主语是researchers， 谓语部分从lately开始，谓语动词是have begun to extend,宾语是that forecast, 注意这里的that是修饰forecast, 为代词。by decades if not centuries中的if not 是比较固定的搭配，可以这样处理，“如果不是..., 至少也...”。Despite是一个介词，所以后面应该跟一个名词性的词组, a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s； 在这之后用when引导一个从句（when是关系副词，从句是关系从句，相当于during those years），表示60和70年代的时候发生了什么,从句中的it是一个形式主语，而真正的主语是that引导的从句，即transistor circuits and mircroprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010 这样的事情appeared (seem)。by 2010 的意思是“到2010”的意思。 明白了这样的结构，相信能够十分准确地把这句话翻译出来。

2. Chaos theory: the study of a group of connected things that are very sensitive so that small changes in conditions affect them very much.

the study of sth, sth is a group of connected things;

so that不是名词性从句， 相当于 “因此”。

3.

Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the “odd balls”among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who “work well with the team.”

我手上的真题中有would be这样的文字。

我们首先看到 Nor这样的词的时候，要注意是不是采用了倒装。 如果我们把Nor is management to be blamed for discriminating against the “odd balls” among researchers就可以掌握这句话的最关键的意思。 此外，我们还应该知道in favor of 这个词组的含义。 If we are in favor of something, we either support it or think it is a good thing. odd balls among researchers的含义应该与more conventional thinkers是相反的关系。

然后我们在看逗号中间的if这样的结构。if 引导一个条件句， 主语是regularity and conformity to a standard pattern, 主语是复数的，因为后面的谓语动词是are; 如果看as desirable as, 我们知道这是个同级比较的结构，表示同...一样的，desirable的意思是值得去做，或者值得拥有，因为其有用，有必要或者是流行的。这里as...as中间又插入了一个to the scientist，表示“对于”。 regularity的含义是：相同的事情总是在相同的环境中发生，我们可以把它翻译成定期性或者规律性。the writing of his papers would appear to reflect可以翻译为：论文写作会要反映（的内容）；按照字面去翻译“如果规律性和符和格式是科学家想要”， 全句可以这样翻译：如果科学家想要那种在其论文中所会反映出来的规律性和符合标准模式. ”

其他几种翻译的方法：

假如像学术论文反映的那样，科学家们期望看到与某种标准模式符合的规律性和一致性。那么，如果管理者们歧视研究者中的“怪杰”，而喜欢善于合作的较常规思维的人，这也是无可指责的。

假如规律性和与某种标准模式的一致性像他们的论文反映的那样，令科学家们满意，那么，如果管理者们歧视研究者中的“怪人”，而喜欢“善于合作”的，具有传统思维模式的人，这也是无可指责的。

4.
Hofstader says our country's educational system is in the grips of people who "joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise."

首先是这样一个词组 be in the grips of people. grip是牢牢抓住掌握的意思。 定语从句who来修饰掌握的人。 这句话的难点可能是词义的处理，如joyfully,可以翻译称为高兴地，愉快地。millitant名词表示采取对抗态度的人员，millitant表示的意思是为了支持一项事业而更愿意采用一种对抗的方式。 这里可以翻译为：以对抗的方式。proclaim是公开宣布的意思。 proclaim的宾语有两个proclaim hostility and eagerness. hostility是敌对\反对\不喜欢的意思。 intellect我们可以翻译成智性。 eagerness后面的不定式是后置修饰。 identify with 的意思是认同，认为自己同某类人一样。 请注意identify的用法： identify with sth=regard oneself as sharing the same thinking as somebody; identify someone/something with something 把...联系起来。

promise在这里是一个抽象名词，潜能，潜力,或者是可能性。 the least 表示最少。 the least  intellectual promise， 即在智性发展上最不具备潜力。 这样也许这个句子就可以翻译出来了。who 分别一道两个定语从句。

5. Even demographics are working against the middle class family,as the odds of having a weak elderly parent- and the attendant need for physical and financial assistance-have jumped eightfold in just one generation.

这一句的结构是这样的： 主+谓， as 主+ 破折号之间的内容是补充说明+谓语。
现在我们更加清楚地表明：
Even demographics are working against the middle class family,as the odds of having a weak elderly parent- and the attendant need for physical and financial assistance-have jumped eightfold in just one generation.
所以这一句的结构是： Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds jumped eightfold.

be working against sb/sth对某事某人不利， the odds是可能性。 破折号之间的内容是对having a weak elderly parent的补充，照顾一个上了年级身体虚弱的父母，就需要身体上和金钱方面的帮助。 as表示原因。

6. Form the middle-class family perspective,much of this,understandably,looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility,and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders.

主语是much of this, 谓语核心是looks far less like an opportunity, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration. 这件事情的大部分看起来很不像是机会，看起来很像令人可怕的加速。 分析句子要找出句子的主谓。look这个动词后面分别接far less like an opportunity和并列的and a good deal like a frightening acceleration.

然后是修饰opportunity和修饰acceleration的成分：exercise financial responsibility是对自己财务状况负责； 而the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders中overburdened是形容词，修饰shoulders. shift是名词转变， 把财务风险转嫁到他们早已负担沉重的肩膀上。 wholesale的原意是批发，这里可以处理为大规模的。可以这样翻译，看起来不像是机会，而像是大规模地把财务风险转嫁并压在他们早已负担沉重的肩膀上。

7.

Poor readers in particular may lack the ability to vary their manner of reading according to type of reading matter and to their intentionsin reading it.

这句的主语是poor readers in particular, 谓语动词是may lack， 宾语是the ability. 动词不定式是to vary their manner of reading according to the type of reading matter to their intentions in reading it. 在这个不定式中， according to后面的介词宾语有两个，一个是the type of reading matter，一个是to their intention in deading it.

全句的意思阅读不好的人他们缺乏根据材料的不同和阅读目的不同采用的阅读方式的能力。主谓结构是：阅读不好的人缺乏能力。